How do bipolar plates work? Bipolar plates play a crucial role in the functioning of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. These plates are positioned between individual cells within a fuel cell stack, serving as both separators and connectors. Firstly, bipolar plates help in the distribution of reactants, typically hydrogen and oxygen, to the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) where the electrochemical reactions take place. They ensure uniform flow of gases across the surface of the membrane, optimizing the reaction kinetics and promoting efficient utilization of the reactants. Secondly, bipolar plates facilitate the flow of electrons generated during the electrochemical reactions. As hydrogen molecules split into protons and electrons at the anode and oxygen molecules accept these electrons at the cathode, the bipolar plates provide a conductive pathway for the electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode, thereby generating electrical current. In essence, bipolar plates enable the proper functioning of PEM fuel cells by ensuring the efficient distribution of reactants and providing a pathway for electron flow, ultimately leading to the production of electrical energy with minimal resistance. Their design and material composition are optimized to enhance conductivity, durability, and corrosion resistance, thereby maximizing the overall performance and longevity of the fuel cell system.
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